CLOZE TEST - 1

The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) (1)_____ vaccine products. (2)_____ are  childhood  vaccines  that  have  contributed  to  a  significant  reduction  of  vaccine -preventable diseases.  (3)_____  the  Centers  for  Disease  Control  and  Prevention,  vaccines  have  reduced (4)_____ infectious diseases to an all-time low and now few people experience the (5)_____ ef- fects of measles, pertussis and other illnesses.

1.  

A) orders     B) pulls       C) wipes    D) interferes    E) regulates

2.  

A) Many of  B) The other C) Each     D) Most         E) Of all

3.  

A) According to     B) Consequently     C) Apparently    D) As far as    E) Regarding

4.  

A) present     B) preventable     C) latter      D) recent      E) final

5.  

A) to devastate     B) having sold    C) to be devastating    D) to have devastated    E) devastating

Fire was (1) _____ daily event in colonial America.  (2) _____the predominance of adjoining row houses, shingled or thatched roofs, central fireplaces, and the lack of a communal plumbing sys- tem, fires were often unstoppable (3)_____ they reached the rivers that usually framed the towns. Philadelphia's  founder,  William  Penn,  himself  mindful  of  the  Great  Fire  of  London  in  1666,(4)_____ creating "a great country townie, built for the promotion of health and comfort, and free (5)_____ the dangers of fire."

1.  

A) frightening     B) frighten     C) frightened     D) to frighten     E) a  frightening

2.  

A) Because      B) Though      C) Although      D) Even if          E) Because of

3.  

A) when           B) as             C) until             D) while            E) upon

4.  

A) spoke of      B) tired of       C) spoke with   D) tiring of         E) boast with

5.  

A) over            B) up              C) past            D) from             E) by

...............................................................................................................................................

CLOZE TEST - 3

1.   A) propose B) proposes C) proposingD) to be proposedE) proposed

2.   A) where B) how C) which D) why E) when

3.   A) inB) aboutC) forD) towardsE) over

4.   A) among B) around C) nearD)  betweenE) either

5.   A) ButB) AsC) evenD) IfE) Unless

CLOZE TEST - 4

Just when the mainstream media had finally managed to (1)_____ what blogging was all about, Adam Curry (2)_____ go ahead and invent pod casting. A podcast is a radio show that listeners subscribe  to  online.  Every  time  a  new  program  is  posted,  it  automatically  feeds  (3)  _____  the subscriber’s computer. From there, the listener  zaps it  onto a  digital music  player and  hits  the road: Think of it as TiVo for your MP3 player. “There’s a lot of great radio out there that I would love to listen to when I am (4) _____ for it,” says Curry (yes, that Adam Curry—MTV's old-school golden-feathered late -'80s veejay). “Anyone can come and (5)_____ on my MP3 player.”

1.   A) bring out B) give out C) figure out D) go outE) fill out

2.   A) had to B) have to C) mustD) shouldE) may

3.   A) intoB) ofC) over D) for E) at

4.   A) angry B) tired C) ready D) happy E) safe

5.   A) party B) part C) divideD) passE) gather

CLOZE TEST - 5

1. A) pronouncedB) appealed C) announced D) postponed E) revealed

2. A) realB) principalC) head D) most E) safe

3. A) enough B) much C) suchD) eachE) plenty

4. A) on B) over C) of D)  to E) up

5. A) concernedB) is concernedC) concerningD) was concernedE) is concerning

CLOZE TEST - 6

Amsterdam has many delights, (1)_____its brown cafes have their own addictive appeal. These establishments (2)_____a central part of Amsterdam life for centuries. The oldest one, Cafe Chris (at Bloemstraat 42), (3)_____ from 1624 and originated to supply the needs of workers building the nearby Westerkirk, one of the city's best-known churches. No doubt they  (4)_____a goodly portion of their wages in the place. Brown cafes take their name from their traditional dark wood interiors,  (5)_____have  deepened  in  tone  from  age  and  years  of  tobacco  smoke.  They  are  by definition  small  -  the  Dutch  describe  them  as  "gezellig,"  meaning  cosy  and  comfortable.  De Ooievaar (the Stork, at Sint Olofspoort 1, just around the corner from Central Station) is one of the smallest in Amsterdam - hardly larger than a couple of walk-in closets.

1. A) or B) so C) for D) and E) but

2. A) have been B) had been C) will beD) would beE) are

3. A) comes B) goes C) ends D) dates E) returns

4. A) add up B) used up C) grow upD) hang upE) let up

5. A) which B) where C) what D) when E) how

CLOZE TEST - 7

Europe is warming up more quickly than the rest of the world, and cold winters could disappear almost  (1)_____by  2080  as  a  result  of  global  warming,  the  European  Union's  environment institute  predicted  Wednesday.  Heat  waves  and  floods  are  (2)_____become  more  frequent, threatening the elderly and infirm, and three quarters of the Swiss Alps’ glaciers might melt by 2050, (3)_____a study by the European Environment Agency.” This report pulls together a wealth of   evidence   that   climate   change   is   already   happening   and   having   widespread   impacts, (4)_____them  with  substantial  economic  costs,  on  people  and  ecosystems  in  Europe,”  EEA executive  director  Jacqueline  McGlade  said  in  a  statement.  The  average  number  of  climate- related  disasters  per  year  doubled  over  the  1990s  (5)_____the  previous  decade,  costing economies around $11 billion a year, according to the report —  the first by the agency on the impact of global warming on Europe.

1.  A) hardly B) strongly C) entirely D) fluently E) honestly

2. A) just asB) so farC) similar toD) likely toE) in order to

3. A) due toB) related toC) according to D) seeing that E) but for

CLOZE TEST - 8

Environment, all of the external factors affecting an organism. These factors may be other living organisms (biotic factors) or nonliving variables (abiotic factors), (1)_____ temperature, rainfall, day length, wind, and ocean currents. The interactions of organisms with biotic and abiotic factors (2)_____an ecosystem .Even minute changes in any one factor in an ecosystem can influence (3)_____or  not  a  particular  plant  or  animal  species  will  be  successful  in  its  environment. Organisms and their environment (4)_____interact, and both are changed by this interaction. Like all other living creatures, humans have clearly changed their environment, but they (5)_____ so generally  on  a  grander  scale  than  have  all  other  species.  Some  of  these  human -induced changes-such as the destruction of the world's tropical rain forests to create farms or grazing land for  cattle-have  led  to  altered  climate  .In  turn,  altered  climate  patterns  have  changed  the  way animals and plants are distributed in different ecosystems.

1.A) such as B) just as C) similar D) evenE) although

2. A) forms B) formed C) forming D) formE) is formed

3. A) whetherB) orC) also D) even E) as

4.A) extremely      B) deadly    C) entirely        D) purely     E) constantly       

5.A) do B) did C) had done D) have doneE) doing

Both science and technology imply a thinking process, both are (1)_____ causal relationships in the  material  world,  and  both  employ  an  experimental  methodology  that  results  in  empirical demonstrations    that    can    be    verified    by    repetition.    Science,    at    least    in    theory,   is (2)_____concerned with the practicality of its results and more concerned with the development of general laws, (3)_____in practice science and technology are inextricably involved with each other.  The  varying  interplay  of  the  two  can  be  observed  in  the  historical  development  of  such practitioners  as  chemists,  engineers,  physicists,  astronomers,  carpenters,  potters,  and  many other specialists. Differing educational requirements, social status, vocabulary, methodology, and types  of  rewards,  (4)_____  institutional  objectives  and  professional  goals,  contribute  to  such distinctions   as   can   be   made   between   the   activities   of   scientists   and   technologists;   but (5)_____history  the  practitioners  of  “pure”  science  have  made  many  practical  as  well  as theoretical contributions.

1. A) marked withB) charged withC) concerned withD) done withE) parted with

2. A) leastB) lessC) the least D) the more E) most

3.  A) so B) for C) or D) butE) since

4.  A) as much as      B) as far away as     C) as well as      D) as long as    E) as quickly as           

CLOZE TEST - 10

Rain  forests  are  home  to  two-thirds  of  all  the  living  animal  and  plant  species  on  the  planet. Billions of new species of plants, insects, and micro organisms   are still undiscovered and have no names yet. Tropical rain forests are called the 'jewel of the earth', the 'Earth’s lungs', and the 'world's  largest  pharmacy'  (1)_____  the  large  amount  of  natural  medicines  discovered  there. Nearly half of the medicines we use come from the rainforests. Scientists believe that the cures for many more diseases (2)_____ there in the future. (3)_____the growth of flora in a rainforest, the  actual  quality  of  the  soil  is  quite  poor.  Oxisols,  infertile,  deeply  weathered  and  severely leached, have developed on the ancient Gondwanan shields. Rapid bacterial decay (4)_____the accumulation  of  humus.  The  concentration  of  iron  and  aluminium  oxides  by  the  laterization process  gives  the  oxisols  a  bright  red  colour  and  sometimes  produces  minable  deposits  (e.g., bauxite).  On  younger  substrates,  especially  of  volcanic  origin,  tropical  soils  may  be  quite (5)_____.

1. A) becauseB) asC) thoughD) even ifE) because of

2.A) discoveredB) is discoveredC) will be discoveredD) had discoveredE) have discovered

3.A) althoughB) Since C) While D) Despite E) For

4. A) prevent   B) prevented       C) preventing     D) is prevented            E) prevents    

5. A) productiveB) fertileC) prolificD) sterileE) barren

CLOZE TEST - 11

Scientific   Method,   is   a   term   (1)_____the   principles   that   guide   scientific   research   and experimentation, and also the philosophic bases of those principles. Whereas philosophy in gene- ral is concerned with the (2)_____as well as the how of things, science occupies itself with the latter  question  only,  but  in  a  scrupulously  rigorous  manner.  The  era  of  modern  science  is generally considered (3)_____ with the Renaissance, but the rudiments of the scientific approach to  knowledge  can  be  observed  throughout  human  history.  Definitions  of  scientific  method  use such  concepts  as  objectivity  of  approach  to  and  acceptability  of  the  results  of  scientific  study. Objectivity indicates the attempt to observe things as they are, (4)_____falsifying observations to accord  with  some  preconceived  world  view.  Acceptability  is  judged  in  terms  of  the  degree  to which observations and experimentations can be reproduced. Scientific method also (5)_____the interplay of inductive reasoning (reasoning from specific observations and experiments  to more general hypotheses and theories) and deductive reasoning (reasoning from theories to account for specific experimental results). By such reasoning processes, science attempts to develop the broad laws—such as Isaac Newton's law of gravitation—that become part of our understanding of the natural world.

1. A) denoting B) denote C) denotesD) was denotingE) to denote

2. A) why B) when C) while D) what E) how

3. A) to have begunB) begin C) began D) beginsE) had begun

4. A) in            B) over                C) without          D) onto E) with 

CLOZE TEST - 12

Science has tremendous scope, (1)_____, and its many separate disciplines can differ greatly in terms of subject matter and the possible ways of studying that subject matter. No single path to (2)_____exists in science, and no one clear-cut description can be given that accounts for all the ways in which scientific truth is pursued. One of the early writers on scientific method, the English philosopher and statesman Francis Bacon, wrote in the early 17th century that a tabulation of a sufficiently  large  number  of  observations  of  nature  (3)_____  to  theories  accounting  for  those operations—the   method   of   inductive   reasoning.   At   about   (4)_____,   however,   the   French mathematician  and  philosopher   René  Descartes   was  attempting  to  account  for  observed phenomena on the basis of (5)_____he called clear and distinct ideas—the method of deductive reasoning.

1.A) although B) unless C) evenD) so thatE) however

2. A) discovery B) discover C) discoverer D) discoveredE) discovers

3. A) leadB) leadsC) leadingD) would leadE) will lead

4. A) all the timeB) the same timeC) at timeD) at timesE) from time

5. A) where B) whose C) whom D) whyE) what

CLOZE TEST - 13

Before  the  invention  of  reading  and  writing,  people  lived  in  an  environment  (1)_____  they struggled  to  survive  against  natural  forces,  animals,  and  other  humans.  To  survive,  preliterate people (2)_____skills  that  grew  into  cultural  and  educational  patterns.  For  a  particular  group’s culture to continue (3)_____ future, people had to transmit it, or pass it on, from adults to children. The  (4)_____educational  processes  involved  sharing  information  about  gathering  food  and (5)_____shelter; making weapons and other tools; learning language; and acquiring the values, behaviour, and religious rites or practices of a given culture.

1.A) whenB) whatC) in whichD) howE) whose

2. A) builtB) servedC) developed D) increased E) widened

3.  A) onB) into theC) for D) up E) over

4.  A) earlyB) lateC) earliestD) laterE) earlier

5.  A) givingB) offeringC) suggesting D) affording E) providing

CLOZE TEST - 14

Drama and Dramatic Arts, Drama is a form of literature-either prose or verse, usually in dialogue form-intended  for  (1)_____;  dramatic  arts  are  the  components  necessary  (2)_____writing  and producing  the  drama,  (3)_____ playwriting,  acting,  and  costume  an d  scenic  design.  The  word drama comes from a Greek word meaning "to do", and thus drama is usually (4)_____ the idea of action.  Most  often,  drama  is  thought  of  as  a  story  about  events  in  the  lives  of  characters. (5)_____the adjective dramatic indicates, the ideas of conflict, tension, contrast, and emotion are usually associated with drama.

1. A) presentation B) performance C) appearance D) arrangement E) management

2.  A) in B) to C) for D) withE) of

3.  A) just as B) such as C) similar D) such likeE) as if

4. A) linked withB) involved with C) charged with D) accord withE) associated with

5.  A) When B) Despite C) AsD) IfE) Then

CLOZE TEST - 15

Theatre has been used as an (1)_____of religious festivals, as a means for spreading political ideas or propaganda to mass audiences, as entertainment, and as a form of art. (2)_____much of history,  theatre  has  existed  on  three  levels  simultaneously:  as  loosely  organized  popular entertainment,   as   a   (3)_____public   activity,   and   as   an   élitist   art   form.  (4)_____   popular entertainment,  it  consists  of  individuals  or  small  groups,  usually  working  outside  established theatrical channels, performing anything from circus skills to farcical plays for a mass audience. This form pre-dates the oldest (5)_____plays and is exemplified today by commercial television

1. A) extensionB) additionC) conservatoryD) annexeE) enlargement

2. A) ThroughB) OnC) OfD) UponE) Over

3.  A) normal B) typical C) ordinaryD) mainstreamE) majority

4. A) At the age ofB) At the endC) At easeD) At the level ofE) At last

5.  A) recognized B) identified C) knownD) notoriousE) infamous

CLOZE TEST - 16

A performance has only two essential elements: a (1)_____and an audience. The performance may be mimed or may use language. The performer need not even be human-puppet drama has been(2)_____popular (3)_____history, and mechanical or machine plays have been presented. A performance may be (4)_____by costume, makeup, scenery, props, lighting, music , and special effects. These are used to help (5)_____the illusion of a different character, place, and time or to enhance the special quality of the performance and differentiate it from everyday experience.

1. A) performer B) executer C) manager D) speaker E) prayer

2.  A) soB) many C) such D) more E) least

3.  A) allB) throughoutC) over D) over E) past

4.   A) improvedB) worsenC) recovered D) advanced E) enhanced

5.  A) creation B) created C) createD) to  createE) creating

One of the purposes of advertising is to (1)_____demand for a product, service, or idea. Other factors influencing demand are price and substitutability. A major way advertising may stimulate demand is to create a brand franchise for a product. (2)_____enough brand equity  is created that the brand has the ability to draw buyers (even without further advertising), it is said to have brand franchise. The ultimate brand franchise is when the brand is so prevalent in people's mind called mind share , that it is used to describe the whole category of products. Kleenex , for example, can distinguish itself as a type of tissue or a label for a category of products. (3)_____, it is frequently used as a generic term. One of the most successful firms (4)_____ a brand franchise is However, (5)_____name  was  for  a  very  long  time  synonymous  with  vacuum  cleaner  (and  Dyson  has subsequently  managed  to  achieve  similar  status,  having  moved  into  the  Hoover  market  with  a more sophisticated model of vacuum cleaner).

1. A) stimulate B) arouse C) exciteD) provokeE) intensify

2. A) When B) After C) Even D) Before E) Since

3. A) That isB) AsC) ForD) In any caseE) That

4. A) achieved B) to have achieved        C) achieve           D) achieves     E) achieving 

CLOZE TEST - 18

Pop  art  is  an  artistic  movement   (1)_____  a  rejection  of  abstract  expressionism   and  aims  to return to figurative art while incorporating themes and techniques  from mass culture. The term was coined in 1956   (2)_____British critic Laurence Alloway but didn't entirely stick by well into the 1960s . In the (3) _____ the movement was being called Neo-dada, a name which reveals some of the thinking behind this type of art. There is a strong  (4)_____of Dadaism   in Pop art. Pop art is also to some extent a satire of the philistine acquisitiveness of patrons of art and of official art institutions –  for example, early pop artists induced important museums to invest large sums   of   money   in   paintings   of   ordinary   subjects,   done   with   acrylic   paint   on   plywood, (5)_____quickly deteriorated. This movement gained strength in the 1960s and was centred in England  and the United States  early on.

1. A) which isB) isC) when D) is that E) that is

2.  A) asB) beforeC) for D) after E) until

3. A) temporary B) provisional C) short-term D) pro temE) meantime

4.  A) influence B) manipulate C) persuade  D) induce   E) change  

CLOZE TEST - 19

Education  begins  the  minute  a  baby    is  born  and  continues  (1)_____life.  Some  believe  that education begins (2)_____before birth, as evidenced by some parents' playing music or reading to  the  baby  in  the  womb  in  the  hope  it  will  influence  the  child's  development.  For  some,  the struggles  and  triumphs  of  daily  life  are  far  more  instructive  than  formal  schooling.          Family members  have  an  educational  effect  which  is  quite  profound-often  more  profound  than  they realize-though family teaching may be highly informal. Formal education occurs (3)_____society makes a commitment to educate people, usually the young. Formal education can be systematic and  thorough,  (4)_____the  sponsoring  group  may  seek  selfish  advantages  when  shaping impressionable young scholars. Life-long or adult education   has become widespread. Lending libraries    provide  inexpensive  informal  access  to  books  and  other  self-instructional  materials. Many adults  have (5)_____ the notion that only children  belong in school.

1. A) inB) overC) throughoutD) duringE) meanwhile

2.  A) still B) yet C) if D) soE) even 

3.  A) despiteB) in spite ofC) when D) before E) since

4. A) so          B) or      C) but         D) as          E) for       

CLOZE TEST - 20

Advertising  makes  wide  use  of  posters,  (1)_____do  charitable  and  political  organizations.  In ancient  civilizations  a  simple  form  of  written  public  announcement  was  used.  The  invention  of printing and (2)_____the development of the lithographic process were of paramount importance to poster art. The advertising poster originated in the 1870s. The art of poster design requires, (3)_____, a very clear expression of the idea or product being advanced. It must be visible at a distance and comprehended in one glance, (4)_____ lines are generally simple and colours few and bold. Lettering is kept at a minimum. In the 19th and 20th cent. numerous artists designed posters as a sideline to their (5)_____wo rk. These include Daumier, Manet, Picasso, Ben Shahn, and Norman Rockwell.

1. A) likeB) becauseC) sinceD) seeing thatE) as

2. A) exceptionallyB) intenselyC) acutelyD) particularlyE) remarkably

3. A) above all B) all alone C) of all kinds D) most of all E) of all time

4. A) although B) unless C) evenD) so thatE) however

5. A) otherB) othersC) the otherD) anotherE) one another

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