YDS DENEME 2 

1. –22. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen kelime ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

1. The destructive effects of a nuclear explosion result not only from the tremendous heat and pressure _____ by the initial reaction, but also from the release of both short and long-term nuclear radiation.
A) submitted  B) ruined
C) generated  D) smuggled
 E) committed

2. Many scientists agree that the site of human _____ was clearly in Africa as humankind’s closest relatives, the chimpanzee and the gorilla, are African.
A) residence  B) elimination
C) objection  D) emergence
 E) proportion

3. In his painting “Mine Disaster”, the American artist Ben Shahn _____ a tragic scene – a gathering of relatives waiting for news of a mining accident.
A) conducted  B) pervaded
C) classified  D) ventured
 E) depicted

4. The effects of the anaesthetic _____ after a couple of hours.
A) wiped out  B) finished off
C) dried up  D) wore off
 E) made out

5. Everybody knows that the current administrative procedures are too _____ and stands as a major problem for the proper execution of public services.
A) effective  B) sophisticated
C) cumbersome D) innovative
 E) remarkable

6. Seventy percent of the vehicles on the road in London are _____ owned  and are often operated with only one person in the car.
A) traditionally
B) merely
C) mechanically
D) manually
E) privately

7. They were due to have a meeting on Friday, yet they have had to _____ because the chairman is ill.
A) work out  B) try out
C) call off  D) look into
 E) back off

8. My wife and I decided to go on a Mediterranean _____ to celebrate our fifteenth wedding anniversery.
A) resort  B) cruise
C) terrain  D) district
 E) expedition

9. To be a _____ piano player needs a lot of  practise, and ideally  one should have a teacher from the beginning.
A) infamous  B) reckless
C) proficient  D) convenient
 E) bewildered

10. The view _____ the top of the mountain was breathtaking. We could see the town and the river _____ us, and people who looked like ants.
A) at/under  B) across/beside
C) over/below  D) from/beneath
 E) onto/above

11. She found _____ in a desperate sitution as _____ would have been impossible to reach home on time without the train she had just missed.
A) her/she
B) herself/it
C) hers/they
D) us/we
E) them/their

12. _____ sometimes starts off as a minor matter can end up as a major policy issue.
A) Why   B) That
C) Whether  D) If
 E) What

13. A speech will be made by the Principal, from _____ you will receive your certificate.
A) whose  B) who
C) whom  D) that
E) which

14. Most women feel that a car should appreciate in value and give as _____ trouble _____ emeralds: but a car depreciates, like a fur coat, so look after it as you would a beloved pet and _____ you need to know is how and why.
A) little/as/all
B) a little/so/few
C) much/like/each
D) a great deal of/more/that
E) many/a couple of/some

15. When I bought this car, it _____ well because it _____ for a long time.
A) wouldn't have run/hasn't been tuned
B) isn't being run/didn't tune
C) hadn't been run/wasn't tuning
D) wasn't being run/hadn't tuned
E) wasn't running/hadn't been tuned

16. If it hadn’t been for those delays on the motorway, we _____ the wedding.
A) wouldn’t have missed
B) wouldn’t miss
C) won’t have missed
D) couldn’t have been missed
E) wouldn’t be missed

17. _____ someone told you that you weren’t fit to do your job, how would you react?
A) Even if  B) If only
C) Only if  D) What if
 E) In case

18. I’d rather you _____ asking me every time you have a problem.
A) hadn’t kept
B) didn’t keep
C) to keep
D) don’t keep
E) having kept

19. I really wish I _____ always in so much of a hurry these days.
A) wouldn’t be
B) weren’t
C) haven’t been
D) hadn’t been
E) am not

20. _____ several times previously, the driver was fined especially heavily.
A) Having been convicted
B) To have convicted
C) Convicting
D) Having convicted
E) To have been convicted

21. I _____ punctually, but the bus broke down and we _____ for a replacement.
A) must have arrived/waited
B) would have arrived/had to wait
C) have to arrive/might be waiting
D) should have arrived/will be waiting
E) was arriving/must have waited

22. In accordance with their beliefs, items for daily use _____ in tombs so that the
dead person _____ them in the afterlife.
A) were placed/could use
B) were placing/was able to use
C) have placed/might be using
D) were being placed/should use
E) have been placed/have used

23.-27. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Machine translation has come a long way. Computer translation systems are now (23) _____ use many parts of the world. Not surprisingly, the EEC is very involved. With so many official languages translating and interpreting (24) _____ more than fifty per cent of the Community’s administrative budget. But although the efficiency of machine translation is improving rapidly, there is no question of human translators being made redundant. (25) _____, people and machines work together in harmony. Today’s computers are of little value in translating literary works, where subtlety is vital, or the spoken word, which tends to be ungrammatical, or important texts, (26) _____ absolute accuracy is essential. If machines can translate languages, could they (27) _____ teach languages? Yes, say enthusiasts, although they doubt that the teacher could be totally replaced by a machine.

23.
A) at   B) in
C) for   D) about
 E) with

24.
A) get over  B) sort out
C) give off  D) turn over
 E) take up

25.
A) Regardless of  B) Thanks to
C) Whereas   D) Now that
 E) On the contrary

26.
A) when   B) that
C) where   D) which
 E) why
27.
A) ever    B) never
C) occasionally   D) still
 E) yet

28.-32. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçada numaralanmış yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

The average working week is still over 40 hours In most countries (28)_____ the improvements in working conditions in this century. However, if the working week were shorter, everyone (29)_____ more spare time and most of the unemployed could find work. People whose jobs interest them oppose this idea, of course, saying that a short working week may not be (30) _____ it appears. They argue that people would not know what to do with their leisure. I personally hate (31) _____ to do overtime everyday because I would rather spend that time (32) _____ my interests and hobbles.

28.  
A) although
B) because of
C) despite
D) as a result of
E) apart from

29. 
A) had been
B) would have
C) had had
D) would have had
E) will have

30.
A) so attractive as
B) the most attractively
C) attractive enough
D) more attractively than
E) too attractive

31.  
A) asking            
B) having asked
C) being asked
D) to have asked
E) having been asked

32.
A) pursuing
B) eradicating
C) conserving
D) reasoning
E) trading

33.-42. sorularda, yarım bırakılmış cümleleri en uygun biçimde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

33. _____ but it's quite obvious that it will cost billions of pounds to rebuild the country.
A) On January 24, 1556, an earthquake caused an estimated 830,000 deaths in China
B) Every year, an average of 800 tornadoes destroy homes and lives throughout America
C) Since the early part of this century, people have been leaving rural areas for the city
D) Until the war is over, it's impossible to know the extent of the damage precisely
E) Hurricane Agnes ravaged the east coast of the US and caused $10 billion in damage

34. _____ will understand just how unpredictable the markets can be.
A) Whenever the markets behave illogically
B) Investors could have made a lot of money
C) Whatever the reason for the economic recession
D) Anyone who has worked in the financial sector
E) Though he has been a stock broker for years

35. _____ there would be enough for everyone.
A) If some people had not been so selfish
B) Provided that people do not take more than their share
C) Since some people own a lot more than others
D) Unless we are careful to conserve our supplies
E) Though not many people are concerned about the global warming

36. _____, he wouldn't have wound up turning twenty-one in prison.
A) In case he got caught by the police
B) Although he thought he could be the leader of the gang
C) Since his neighbourhood had a bad influence on him
D) Until he learnt how to be a law-abiding citizen
E) Had he not made the wrong kind of friends at school

37. Since at the present rate, world population will be four times as large as it is now in the next 80 years _____.
A) the world birth rate had been declining gradually
B) there might have been more than 24 billion people
C) the Earth is having difficulty supporting even its current population
D) something must be done to reduce the birth rate
E) more than 90 percent of this growth is in the developing countries

38. Do you have any idea _____?
A) that there is a petrol station nearby
B) whatever is the best medicine for a headache
C) is this the shortest route to London
D) how much does a double room cost
E) whether there is a chemist's near here or not

39. Even before all the votes had been counted _____.
A) we are confident that our party will win
B) less than forty percent of voters had participated
C) violence has broken out in some areas
D) there has been nothing we can do but wait
E) the rival party was celebrating victory

40. _____; however, they seldom attack swimmers.
A) Most people are terrified of sharks
B) The waves today are perfect for surfing
C) There are few man-eating tigers
D) Reptiles are cold-blooded, air-breathing vertebrates
E) The Golden Horn is too polluted for swimming

41. _____ why the Maya civilisation disappeared.
A) People will continue to believe
B) Archaeologists still do not understand
C) Although they built huge pyramids
D) They probably over-farmed the land
E) Before the Spanish conquered Central America

42. Having lived in Egypt for 20 years, _____.
A) he was able to speak flawless Arabic
B) temperatures of 35 degrees or more are not unusual
C) he was an archaeologist whose main interest was the pyramids
D) his mother missed him and wanted him to come home
E) no one knows why he likes it so much

43.-46. sorularda, verilen cümlenin hangi sorunun cevabı olduğunu bulunuz.

43. There seems to be no particular reason for choosing them.
A) What are the reasons that led to his nomination?
B) Why do you think these five foods were preferred for the graph?
C) Is there a specific concern related to the selection of this location?
D) What are the requirements for the post available?
E) Are they qualified enough to be considered for the job?

44. Actually, it was the way it had been presented.
A) Was it the proposal itself that angered the councillors?
B) How do you think we should introduce the new scheme?
C) Which way is the most appropriate for the presentation of the scheme?
D) What sort of techniques are implimented in order to present the new topic?
E) Were the details considered before the initiation of the scheme?

45. I would have replaced it.
A) Suppose there is a fault in the system, what will you do?
B) What if there were something wrong with the product, what would you do?
C) What would you have done if he hadn’t liked the tie you bought?
D) Which would you have chosen if you had been given the chance?
E) How will you react if they don’t comply with the procedures?

46. Whatever is in the house.
A) Is there anyone waiting for you at home right now?
B) What are we going to have for dinner tonight?
C) What kind of utensils are we supposed to buy for the kitchen?
D) Are you planning to have the party in your house or outdoors?
E) Have you ever thought of living in your own house away from your family?

47. –50.  sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümlenin İngilizce dengini bulunuz.

47.  İnsanoğlunun yürüttüğü gelmiş geçmiş en büyük mühendislik ve inşaat projesi, yaklaşık 2400 kilometre uzunluğundaki Çin Seddi'dir.
A) The most remarkable engineering and building work ever constructed by humans is the Great Wall of China, which is over 2,400 kilometres long.
B) One of the largest engineering and building projects ever carried out in the history of mankind is the Great Wall of China, stretching about 2,400 kilometres.
C) The Great Wall of China stretches 2,400 kilometres, which makes it the largest engineering and building project ever undertaken by humans.
D) A colossal engineering and building work, carried out entirely by human labour, the Great Wall of China stretches over 2.400 kilometres.
E) The largest engineering and building project ever carried out by mankind is the Great Wall of China, which is about 2,400 kilometres long.

48. 1930'dan 1960'a kadar eğitimci Arnold Gesell'in kitapları, pek çok anne-baba tarafından çocuk yetiştirmede rehber olarak okunmuştur.
A) From 1930 to 1960 the educationist whose books were most read by parents as guides to bringing up children was Arnold Gesell.
B) Between 1930 and 1960, Arnold Gesell wrote some educational books, which were used by many parents as guides to bringing up children.
C) Arnold Gesell's books, written between 1930 and 1960, were not only used for educational purposes, but were also used by parents as guides to bringing up children.
D) From 1930 to 1960, the educationist Arnold Gesell's books were read by many parents as guides to bringing up children.
E) In the period from 1930 to 1960, the educationist Arnold Gesell's books became popular as parental guides for bringing up children.

49. Eğer yasak avlanma ve insanların kayıtsızlığı hiç azalmadan devam ederse, dağ gorilinin neslinin tükenmesi belki de çok yakında gerçekleşecek.
A) The mountain gorilla is sure to become extinct very soon as a result of poaching and human indifference.
B) The extinction of the mountain gorilla will probably occur very soon if poaching and human indifference continue unabated.
C) The imminent extinction of the mountain gorilla can only be avoided by changes in laws against poaching and a reduction in human indifference.
D) Seeing as poaching and human indifference continue unabated, the extinction of the mountain gorilla shortly seems inevitable.
E) The extinction of the mountain gorilla is likely to happen shortly unless poaching and human indifference are altered.

50. Psikanalist Karen Homey, kişilik özelliklerini belirleyen ve kişilik bozukluklarına yol açan etmenler olarak sosyal ve çevresel koşullar üzerinde durmuştur.
A) Psychoanalist Karen Horney believed social and environmental factors to be important in determining personality traits and also the cause of personality disorders.
B) According to psychoanalyst Karen Horney, social and environmental factors determine individual personality traits and cause personality disorders.
C) Psychoanalyst Karen Horney stressed social and environmental conditions as factors determining personality traits and causing personality disorders.
D) Psychoanalyst Karen Horney emphasised that personality traits are determined and personality disorders are caused mainly by social and environmental factors.
E) Psychoanalyst Karen Horney concentrated her work on proving how social and environmental factors determine personality traits and cause personality disorders.

51.-54. sorularda, verilen İngilizce cümlenin Türkçe dengini bulunuz.

51. Patents are normally granted for completely new inventions, though there are patents of addition given for improvements on previous inventions.
A) Normalde patent tamamen yeni icatlar için verilse de, daha önce yapılmış icatlar üzerinde düzeltmeler için de ilave patentler verilmektedir.
B) Daha önce yapılmış icatlar üzerinde düzeltmeler için verilmiş ilave patentleri olsa da, normalde patent tamamen yeni icatlar için verilir.
C) Daha önce yapılmış icatlar üzerinde düzeltmeler için verilen ilave patentler de olabilir ama normalde patent tamamen yeni icatlar için verilmelidir.
D) Normal olarak patent tamamen yeni icatlar için verilmekteyse de bazen daha önce yapılmış icatları düzeltenlere de ilave patent verilebilmektedir.
E) Daha önce yapılmış olan bazı icatların üzerinde düzeltme patentleri varsa da, esas olarak patent yeni icatlar için veriliyor.

52. The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the people of France to the people of the United States commemorating the alliance of the two nations during the American Revolution.
A) Hürriyet Heykeli, Amerikan Devrimi sırasında Fransız halkının Amerikan halkına, iki ülke arasındaki ittifakı pekiştirmesi için sunduğu bir armağandır.
B) Amerikan Devrimi sırasında iki ülkenin ittifakının anısını yad etmek için yapılan Hürriyet Heykeli'ni Fransız halkı, Amerikan halkına armağan etmiştir.
C) Hürriyet Heykeli, Fransız halkının Amerikan halkına bir armağanıdır ve iki ülkenin Amerikan Devrimi sırasındaki ittifakının unutulmaması için dikilmiştir.
D) Hürriyet Heykeli, Fransız halkından Amerikan halkına, Amerikan Devrimi sırasında iki ülkenin ittifakının anısını yad eden bir armağandı.
E) Fransız halkı Amerikan halkına, Amerikan Devrimi sırasında iki ülkenin ittifakının simgesi olarak Hürriyet Heykeli'ni armağan etmiştir.

53. No library, no matter how large, can possess every book, so libraries, through borrowing and lending, share materials with each other.
A) Ne kadar büyük olursa olsun hiçbir kütüphane her kitaba sahip olamaz; bu yüzden kütüphaneler, ödünç alma ve verme yoluyla, materyalleri paylaşırlar.
B) Kütüphaneler, ödünç alma ve verme yöntemiyle materyalleri paylaşırlar, çünkü çok büyük bile olsa bir kütüphanenin bütün kitaplara sahip olması imkansızdır.
C) Ne kadar büyük olursa olsun bir kütüphanenin bütün kitaplara sahip olması mümkün olmadığı için kütüphaneler materyal ödünç alma ve verme yöntemini geliştirmişlerdir.
D) En büyük kütüphaneler bile her kitaba sahip olamayacağından, kütüphaneler kendi aralarında ödünç kitap alıp vererek materyalleri paylaşırlar.
E) Kütüphanelerin ödünç alma ve verme yoluyla materyallerini paylaşmalarının nedeni, çok büyük bile olsa hiçbir kütüphanenin bütün kitaplara sahip olamayacağıdır.

54. Thanks to his frank and sincere attitude, everybody in the office liked him and found him reliable.
A) Bürodaki herkesin onu sevmesinde ve güvenilir bulmasında samimi ve içten tavırlarının payı vardı.
B) Bürodaki samimi ve içten tavırları nedeniyle herkes tarafından sevilir ve güven duyulurdu.
C) Samimi ve içten tavırları sayesinde bürodaki herkes onu sever ve güvenilir bulurdu.
D) Samimi ve içten tavırlarıyla bürodaki herkesin güvenini kazanmıştı ve çok sevilen biriydi.
E) Bürodaki herkesin onu sevmesi ve güvenilir bulmasındaki en büyük etken samimi ve içten tavırlarıydı.
55.-57. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

More than 200 million hungry rabbits plague Australia. Introduced in 1859, the pests deplete native vegetation, crops and livestock pastures causing nearly 500 million dollars in losses each year. Incapable of obtaining the intended result, hunters have been killing millions of rabbits each year, exporting many to Europe as meat. But now the hunters are losing their jobs to a far more efficient killer: rabbit calicivirus disease. Endemic to China and Europe, the virus was being tested for future use on rabbits on an island off South Australia when it escaped in October 1995. Since then, it has crossed the continent, killing up to 98% of the rabbits in areas infected and spoiling the scheduled extermination.

55. It is clear from the passage that rabbits in Australia _____.
A) eat native livestock
B) are considered a nuisance
C) are a protected species
D) are popular pets
E) are a native species

56. It is stated in the passage that hunting _____.
A) is carried out under strict rules in Australia
B) is the biggest threat to rabbits diminishing rapidly in number
C) rabbits for meat brings in a great revenue to Australia
D) does not help much to keep the rabbit population under control
E) provides a good many Australians with a profitable job

57. We understand from the passage that the virus mentioned _____.
A) began to kill Australian rabbits before the intended time
B) has exterminated 98% of the rabbit population in Australia
C) has been deliberately introduced to eliminate rabbits from Australia
D) is not as effective in reducing the rabbit population as hunting
E) has been most effective on an island off South Australia
58. –60. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

When the 35-year-old Ras Tafari became Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia in 1930, his first moves were to suppress slavery and promote education. But his modernising plans were ruined when Mussolini's Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935. In its nearly 3,000-year-long history, Ethiopia had never been under foreign domination. The Emperor personally fought against the Fascists, but in 1936 he fled the country and lived in exile in England and the Sudan for five years before returning with British and Indian troops to liberate his homeland in 1941. After regaining his one-man rule of the country, he became increasingly autocratic, was viewed by the young as a reactionary and was finally overthrown by Communist revolutionaries in 1974.

58. The passage makes it clear that Haile Selassie's original plans _____.
A) were supported by most of the European countries
B) were interrupted by a foreign invasion
C) contradicted with Ethiopia's 3,000-year-old traditions
D) were for a harsh and autocratic rule
E) were developed during his exile years

59. Although Selassie wished to modernise his country when he first took the throne, _____.
A) he encountered strong public opposition
B) his country was not ready for such a move
C) he became more conservative when he came into power again
D) he was left alone in his attempts
E) education was not one of his priorities

60. We can conclude from the passage that Selassie _____.
A) did not command the war against the Fascists very well
B) could only resist the Fascist invasion for one year
C) worked hard to improve the country's ! economic and political situation
D) called for help from England in the war against Communist revolutionaries
E) supported slavery when he returned from England in 1941
61. –63. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

The history of the English language begins with the conquest of England by the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in the 5th century. These tribes probably came from the region of southern Denmark and the Frisian coast, bringing with them the language we now call Old English. Old English was closely related to the dialects still spoken in Friesland, and, less closely, to Danish, Swedish and Norwegian. It was essentially a colloquial, or spoken language. Most documents and manuscripts written in it were intended to be read aloud rather than studied privately. For this reason, their style is simple, often showing the awkwardness and sudden changes of tense or subject that are characteristic of casual speech.

61. We learn from the passage that Old English _____.
A) is still spoken in a place called Friesland
B) was spoken all over Europe in the 5th century
C) was a dialect of modern Danish
D) was not the original language of England
E) is sometimes called Anglo-Saxon

62. According to the passage, documents written in Old English _____.
A) have never been translated because they are so complex
B) were brought from southern Denmark and the Frisian coast
C) were for the use of scholars
D) were about awkward subjects
E) are not grammatically sophisticated

63. We understand from the passage that a speaker of Old English would _____.
A) understand modern Danish better than modern English
B) be unable to understand modern English at all
C) not have a big language problem in Friesland today
D) feel at home all over Europe today
E) speak exactly the same language as English speakers today
64. –66. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Born in Ceylon, now Sri Lanka, and educated in Britain. Christopher Ondaalje moved to Canada in 1956 with $13 in his pocket. He found work in an investment company and then set up his own publishing company which by 1988 controlled assets of 2 billion dollars. That year, while on Safari in Tanzania, Ondaatje decided to sell his businesses. He was fed up with the selfishness, greed and demands of his shareholders, and wanted to devote himself to his passion for geography. Since then he has spent his time travelling, writing and in philanthropy, having donated millions of pounds to the National Portrait Gallery and the Royal Geographical Society.

64. The passage concentrates on _____.
A) the charity work Christopher Ondaatje has done in his life
B) the change Christopher Ondaatje has made in his way of life
C) Christopher Ondaalje's passion for safaris
D) Christopher Ondaatje's greed to earn money and fame      
E) Christopher Ondaalje's talent for making money

65. We can infer from the passage that the word "philanthropy" refers to _____.
A) giving large amounts of money to good causes
B) the talent for being successful in business
C) a self-made man
D) making sudden changes on the direction of one's life
E) having an enthusiasm for geography

66. We learn from the passage that Christopher Ondaatje decided to retire from business _____.
A) because he was not making enough money
B) because he was so greedy
C) to escape from the ugly sides of his job
D) when he got too old to work any more
E) to help the people of Tanzania
67. –69. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Masters of architecture, writing and record-keeping, mathematics, astronomy and chronology, the Mayan priestly class of ancient Mexico were able to create the appearance of tremendous spiritual power. They elaborated an impressive religious calendar linked to natural cycles on the Earth, heavens and the weather, and they knew to the day when their religious ceremonies to please the gods would have the greatest effect on the population. They knew when to ask for rain, when to plant corn and when to begin the harvest. To a simple peasant, it was supernatural. By manipulating the basic human fears for survival in a harsh environment, the Mayan priests were able to keep their people in perpetual servitude.

67. We learn from the passage that the Mayan priests _____.
A) were great scientists of the ancient world
B) lived in complete isolation from their people
C) were concerned only with their people's welfare
D) were simple peasants
E) had supernatural powers

68. According to the passage, Mayan religious ceremonies _____.
A) were a way of predicting the weather
B) were used mainly to impress the common people
C) were a way of combating ignorance and superstitions
D) were so expensive that they led to the fall of the Mayan civilisation
E) were performed by the common people

69. The author of the passage regards the Mayan priestly class as _____.
A) sincere religious figures
B) people of great spiritual power
C) leaders living like simple peasants
D) deceitful and exploitative
E) the founders of modern science
70. –72. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first post-colonial prime minister, saw the country's huge railway network as a tool for national integration. More than half a century after independence, Indian Railways — the world's largest single employer with 1.6 million employees — is facing the threat of bankruptcy. With more than 13 million people travelling by rail every day in India, and almost half the country's freight transported over the network, an efficient rail service is critical to the health of India's economy. Yet last year, Indian Railways defaulted an almost 300 million dollars worth of debt to the Indian government, most of it arising from personal projects forced upon the service by influential politicians.

70. It is pointed out in the passage that in India, _____.
A) railways are economically vital
B) more and more railway workers are becoming unemployed
C) railways fail to attract sufficient passengers
D) railways were established in the post-colonial period
E) the government owes a lot of money to the railways

71. The passage indicates that Indian Railways would be economically successful if _____.
A) it were not for certain politicians
B) only Jawaharlal Nehru had realised their importance
C) it were used to transport more freight
D) it were modernised
E) it had been privatised in the post-colonial period

72. We understand from the passage that the number of people who work for Indian Railways _____.
A) is the reason for its economic difficulties
B) is over 13 million
C) has never been greater
D) is greater than for any other employer in the world
E) is greater than it needs to be

73. –75. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

The last time London occupied centre stage in world history was the "swinging sixties", when its music and fashion defined the look and sound of a generation. London is calling again. Its theatre and music scenes are world leaders; its restored historic buildings and monuments glitter with gold leaf; its immaculate parks look better than ever. Most startling are the changes among its people. The millennium ended in Indonesia and the Balkans with ethnic cleansing and racial hatred. Londoners are moving in the opposite direction, making their city the most cosmopolitan in the world.

73. The passage informs us that London _____.
A) has many buildings in need of restoration
B) has always been the centre of world history
C) has never been less important than at preseni  
D) is not as interesting as it was in the 1960s
E) is undergoing a revival

74. The passage gives us the information that in music and fashion _____.
A) nothing is as good as it used to be
B) we can always expect the best to come from London
C) London was once the world leader
D) there is a trend to look back to the "swinging sixties"
E) there have been many changes

75. We can conclude from the passage that today _____.
A) people of different cultures live in London
B) ethnic minorities in the Balkans live in harmony
C) ethnic cleansing is still continuing in many parts of the world
D) London no longer has world famous musicians
E) different races in London dislike one another

76. –80. sorularda, verilen cümleye anlamca en yakın olan cümleyi bulunuz.

76. l recollect the match against Barnsley very well because our trainer told us that day we had played better than ever before.
A) On the day of the match against Barnsley, our trainer said that it had been the best we had ever played up to then, so I remember the match clearly.
B) As our trainer often reminds us, the match against Barnsley will be remembered as the match when we played our best football ever.
C) After the match against Barnsley, I remember our trainer telling us that we played a lot better than the other team.
D) Our trainer said we played better today in our match against Barnsley than ever before, so I'm going to remember it for a long time.
E) I won't forget the match against Barnsley, when our trainer said we had to play better than we had ever done before.

77. Only those with managerial experience can be considered for the position.
A) No one who has not been a manager before has a chance to get the job.
B) A manager must have experience to consider the position objectively.
C) Only experienced managers have applied for the position.
D) Having experience as a manager would be a considerable advantage when you apply for this job.
E) If you have experience as a manager, you have a good chance for the position.

78. His frequent illnesses on his first journey convinced him that he wasn't cut out to be an explorer.
A) After he had taken ill several times on his first journey, he decided to cut his exploration short and return home.
B) The disease on his first journey was very unpleasant, but that would not stop him from further explorations.
C) When he became ill very often during his first journey, he realised that he was not physically fit for being an explorer.
D) The frequent illnesses during his first journey left the explorer so weak that he had to stop his explorations.
E) He knew he was not very strong physically, but nothing would put him off continuing the exploration.

79. Though once a family tourist spot, with the introduction of casinos, Atlantic City has now become a haven for drug dealers and criminals.
A) If casinos hadn't been allowed in Atlantic City, families would go there to spend their holidays.
B) Atlantic City has always been a centre for drug dealers and criminals, yet families still go to spend their holidays there.
C) Atlantic City used to be only for families, but it has recently expanded to attract people with different interests as well.
D) Before the introduction of casinos and the crime they attract, few people would choose to spend their holidays in Atlantic City.
E) Atlantic City used to be a nice place for families to go, but casinos have turned it into a drug-trafficking crime-ridden city.

80. Formerly the seat of a great empire, Rome only controls Italy today.
A) Nowadays, Rome is just the capital of Italy, but it used to be the centre of an empire
B) Many emperors kept their thrones in Rome, and as a result Rome rules Italy now.
C) Although Italy used to be a great nation, Rome is the only important city today.
D) A great emperor used to control the whole of Italy from where he sat in Rome.
E) The people of Rome used to control Italy, when it was a great empire.

81. –85. sorularda, parçada boş bırakılan yere uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.

81. _____. The Pyrenees separate Spain from the rest of continental Europe. The country is further set off from the world, on three sides, by water. Mountain ranges divide Spain into widely different regions. Partly as a result of this geographic isolation, Spanish literature was for centuries considered provincial and conservative.
A) The literature of Spain owes its character largely to the country's geography
B) The country of Spain has had a greater influence on the rest of the world than that
of most countries
C) Spain's land-bridge location between Europe and Africa and its long history have resulted in a great mixing of races and cultures
D) Spain's long Mediterranean coast forms the Catalan-dominated region known as el Este, or the East
E) Most experts agree that the population of Spain is basically homogeneous, both in terms of race and culture

82. It is true that many subjects that once belonged to philosophy, such as physics, chemistry and psychology, have broken off to become independent disciplines. _____. There are certain basic issues that have belonged to philosophy from the beginning and that are still its major concerns. These include the nature of the universe, the possibility of knowledge, the correct use of reason, the standards of justice and the qualities of beauty. These problems are the subject matter of the five branches of philosophy — metaphysics, epistemology, logic, ethics and aesthetics.
A) The word philosophy itself is from Greek words meaning "love of wisdom"
B) From 1500 philosophy took so many twists and turns that it cannot be defined by any one approach
C) During the Renaissance a preoccupation with mathematics and natural science began that endured for two centuries
D) This has not, however, left philosophy with no material with which to work
E) Yet, philosophy in the 20th century became captive to the universities, with few professors writing for a popular readership

83. The elephant is a striking exception to the rule that wild animals captured when full grown can rarely be domesticated. Most elephants that are used as beasts of burden, as well as those in zoos and circuses, were born in the wilderness and remained there until they were 10 to 12 years old. There are several reasons for this. Elephants do not breed readily in captivity, and the young are delicate and hard to raise. _____ Thus it is cheaper to let it mature somewhat in its native habitat and then to catch and tame it. The elephant's extraordinary docility makes this possible.
A) At birth the baby elephant is about 3 feet tall and weighs about 200 pounds
B) Furthermore, a baby elephant grows up very slowly and meanwhile eats enormous quantities of food
C) The young elephant takes its mother's milk with its mouth and not, as some people imagine, with its trunk
D) However, the tusks keep on growing as long as an elephant lives
E) The upper side of an elephant's trunk is tough, but the under side is very sensitive

84. By 1876, Pennsylvania had passed the first
of the vagrancy laws. _____. This method of controlling the mass movement of the jobless soon spread into other states. Meanwhile, workhouses, prisons and houses of correction were receiving a steady influx of what was soon seen as a ready source of cheap labour, and the practice of selling prisoners into servitude became common. In some areas, men could be sentenced to chain gangs for as much as a year for no other offense than having no money and no job.
A) These new laws were welcomed by the unemployed
B) Because of this, many people found it more profitable to be out of work, since they knew the state would take care of them
C) These made it a crime to be wandering around the countryside with no home and no job
D) This was just a hundred years after the United States had declared independence in 1776
E) Obviously this made the United States an even freer country

85. There is a trend in the developed world towards "managing wilderness", if that is not a contradiction in terms. Roan Mountain, along the border between North Carolina and Tennessee, is a good example. There you will find a string of grassy peaks, home to dozens of rare wildflowers. For various reasons, the peaks are now being encroached upon by woody vegetation, and without human interference, the wildflowers would perish. _____. Can this really be called a wilderness?
A) No one knows what is causing this, but the woody vegetation is not nearly so nice to look at as the wildflowers
B) These flowers are so beautiful that no one wants to see them pass away
C) Obviously, the way to keep this a true wilderness is to simply let nature take its course
D) Therefore, every year, volunteer ecologists climb the mountains and spray weed-killer to preserve the habitat
E) People take the wildflowers and plant them in pots to admire at home

86. –90. sorularda, anlam bakımından hangi cümlenin parçaya uymadığını bulunuz.

86. (I) The break-up of the Soviet Union in 1991 was one of the most significant events in modern history. (II) It added several independent countries to the map of Asia. (III) However, Russia has by far the largest coal reserves among the former Soviet republics. (IV) And it ended the Cold War. (V) But it also portended serious problems of economic reconstruction for societies that had lived under Communist domination for about 70 years.
A) I      B) II      C) III      D) IV      E) V

87. (I) George Enescu (1881-1955) is Romania's greatest composer, writer of five symphonies and an opera. (II) He spent much of his time in Paris, where he absorbed wider European musical influences. (Ill) Paris has always attracted many musicians, artists and writers from all over the world. (IV) His music goes beyond its Romanian roots to explore a very personal sound world that is fabulously sensual and serene. (V) A traveller to Bucharest can find out more at the George Enescu Museum, housed in one of the city's splendid French baroque mansions.
A) I      B) II      C) III      D) IV      E) V
88. (I) The technique of weaving cloth is known to have arrived in Japan from China around 300 B.C. (II) After archeologists found about 40 textile fragments from the first century B.C. to the third century A.D. on the island of Kyushu, a Kyoto Institute of Technology team decided to use traditional methods to re-create the original silk and hemp fabrics. (III) The team analysed the cloth's makeup, thread width and density of the weave. (IV) Then they asked skilled artisans to make a nobleman's silk tunic and a commoner's hemp jacket. (V) Experts dyed the silk red using a herb called madder.
A) I      B) II      C) III      D) IV      E) V

89. (I) In Russia, there is a town called Mishinko, which means "Mouse Town". (II) According to legend, a mouse saved the life of a local 13th-century prince by running across his face as he dozed on the banks of the Volga. (III) Known as Mother Volga, the river is a symbol of Russia and a central theme in songs, legends and stories. (IV) Though initially enraged, the prince soon realised that the vigilant mouse was warning him of an approaching snake, and he built a small church in honour of his saviour. (V) Today in Mishinko, there is a five-room museum with 1,500 items of mouse art — that is, paintings and clay models of mice.
A) I      B) II      C) III      D) IV      E) V

90. (I) Certain varieties of fruit, such as the peach or the apricot, continue to ripen after being harvested. (II) A melon, however, will not ripen further after it's picked. (III) In fact, its sugar content will decrease rapidly. (IV) The melon is a good source of vitamins A and C and, despite its sugar content, it is low in calories and sodium. (V) Thus a melon must be left on the vine to ripen completely.
A) I      B) II      C) III      D) IV      E) V

91. –95. sorularda, verilen duruma uygun düşen ifadeyi bulunuz.

91. There is a ballroom dancing club at your university. A friend tries to encourage you to join, but you are not convinced. However, as they think it is great, you are curious, so you enquire whether you can attend once without joining and say:
A) It sounds fantastic, but how much does it cost to join for the year?
B) Can I come along one evening and decide whether to join afterwards?
C) I am sure l will be much better at dancing after a few lessons.
D) l am not really sure, but, if it is not too expensive, I will join anyway.                            
E) Whatever you say, you will never get me to join a ballroom dancing club as I hate dancing.

92. One of your closest friends has been going out with a man who you have never liked. Now they're going through a rough patch and your friend is asking your advice. You want her to leave him, but you are afraid she won't, and that she may resent your remarks in the future. So, diplomatically, you say:
A) I have never liked him anyway, so I'm glad that you're leaving him.
B) I'm so glad you're starting to realise what bad news he is at last.
C) I told you it wouldn't last. If only you'd listened, this wouldn't have happened.
D) I think he is a real sweetie — he's just a bit rough at times.
E) I think you should do what's best for you. If you want to leave him, leave him.

93. Your friend is really serious about the theatre. You go to see her act in a play. You think she's absolutely dreadful, but you don't want to hurt her feelings. After the play, you say insincerely:
A) Well, I didn't think you were very good, but I guess it comes with practice.
B) Actually, I'd rather not say what I thought. I don't want to hurt your feelings.
C) That was really dreadful — you can't act for toffee.
D) Well done! You were great and I enjoyed watching you.
E) The director is useless and the play is horrible. You were not very good either.

94. You tell a friend a secret in confidence. Later, you learn that she has told someone else. Hurt and angry, you confront her about this, saying:
A) Please don't say anything to anyone. It won't, be good for me.
B) You mustn't tell anyone about this. It's private.                
C) You had promised not to tell anyone about this - you liar!
D) I don't like you any more and want to stop
being friends with you.
E) It's none of anyone else's business. You needn't tell anyone.

95. At 1.00 a.m. on a week night someone in an adjacent apartment block starts singing and playing the guitar very loudly. You assume it can't go on for long, so you try to ignore it. An hour later he's still at it and you're lying in bed wide awake. You're angry enough to kill him, but knowing that's not an option, you earnestly threaten:
A) Thanks for the free concert, mate! You should be on stage.
B) Our tastes in music are completely different. I like slow music.
C) Hey maestro. You can't sing well and your guitar is out of tune.
D) Hey! I can't hear you. Could you turn it up a bit?
E) You'd better stop that noise right now, or I'll call the police!

96. –100. sorularda, karşılıklı konuşmanın boş bırakılan kısmında söylenmiş olabilecek sözü bulunuz.

96. Sarah: Hi, Beth. It's me, Sarah.
Beth: _____
Sarah: Oh no! I must have forgotten about the time change. I'm on a business trip to New York.
Beth: Well now that I'm awake, how are you?
A) Hi there, I haven't heard from you for a long time.
B) Sarah? What are you doing phoning at 3 a.m.?
C) I'm glad you phoned. I want to hear all about New York.
D) How many times have I told you not to phone me at work?
E) You were supposed to call me last week, weren't you?

97. Alan: How do you like working at home?
Bret: It's great that I don't have to commute, and I can make my own hours.
Alan: _____
Bret: It does get a bit lonely sometimes without any colleagues to talk with.
A) I guess you need a lot of self-discipline.     
B) And you don't have the boss looking over your shoulder!
C) Are you self-employed, or still attached to your company?
D) I suppose you need a fax and modem.
E) Aren't there any disadvantages?

98. Millie: _____                                                
Cashier: Are you sure?
Millie: Yes, I am. My total is $45, I gave you $50 and you gave me $10 change.
Cashier: Well thanks. I'm new at this job.
A) Excuse me, but you've given me too much change
B) I hope you don't insist that you never make mistakes.
C) Oh, dear! You've given me less change than you should.
D) I think this 10 percent discount is applied to all of the items in the shop.
E) Sorry, but I hope you don't mind if I count my change.

99. George: Hello. I have a problem with my
new computer.
Andy: _____
George: Well I bought it from you. Isn't it guaranteed?
Andy: If you wanted a guarantee, you
should have bought a brand-name computer.
A) Okay, we'll be there right away.
B) I'm sorry, you must have the wrong number.
C) What do you expect us to do about it?
D) Just tell me what it is, and I'll see if I can help.
E) I'm sorry to hear that you want to return it.

100. Jason: Have you got a pair of trousers
like these in my size?
Store Clerk: _____
Jason: Do you know where I can go?
Store Clerk: There is a shop just down the street that caters for gentlemen of your size.
A) We do, but they would look rather silly on someone your age.
B) Do you have a specific colour in your mind?
C) Wouldn't you prefer something a little more stylish?
D) I'm sorry, Sir. We don't sell anything that large.
E) Just let me check what we have in stock.

TEST BİTTİ
YANITLARINIZI KONTROL EDİNİZ

YDS DENEME 2 KEY

1. C   51. B
2. D  52. D
3. E  53. A
4. D  54. C
5. C  55. B
6. E  56. D
7. C  57. A
8. B  58. B
9. C  59. C
10. D  60. B
11. B  61. D
12. E  62. E
13. C  63. C
14. A  64. B
15. E  65. A
16. A  66. C
17. D  67. A
18. B  68. B
19. B  69. D
20. A  70. A
21. B  71. A
22. A  72. D
23. B  73. E
24. E  74. C
25. E  75. A
26. C  76. A
27. A  77. A
28. C  78. C
29. B  79. E
30. A  80. A
31. C  81. A
32. A  82. D
33. D  83. B
34. D  84. C
35. A  85. D
36. E  86. C
37. D  87. C
38. E  88. A
39. E  89. C
40. A  90. D
41. B  91. B
42. A  92. E
43. B  93. D
44. A  94. C
45. C  95. E
46. B  96. B
47. E  97. E
48. D  98. A
49. B  99. C
50. C  100. D